Headaches and Migraines: Causes, Treatment and Prevention

Updated: September 25, 2026 · Reviewed by Taylor J. Graber, MD

Migraines and headaches are common but debilitating; symptoms can include severe or throbbing pain, sensitivity to noise and light, nausea, vomiting, and vision changes. Many things can trigger headaches, but fortunately there are also many ways to help alleviate discomfort and reduce future episodes.

Below, we've outlined some common contributing factors, along with practices that may help reduce how often headaches and migraines occur.

What Causes Headaches or Migraines?

Many factors can contribute to head pain, so it's worth tracking patterns if you experience frequent or prolonged headaches. Common contributors include:

  • Dehydration

  • Stress

  • Hormonal changes, particularly for people who menstruate

  • Food and drink, especially alcohol

  • Sleep changes and/or exhaustion

  • Weather changes and allergies

  • Medications

  • Sensory stimuli, such as loud noises, bright lights, or strong scents

How to Help Manage Headaches and Migraines

  • Over-the-counter pain relievers can help with head pain. Talk with your doctor if you have any concerns about specific medications.

  • Caffeine may help with mild headaches, though it's worth noting caffeine is a diuretic, so it may not be the best choice if dehydration is the underlying cause.

  • Reduced stimulation, such as a dark, quiet room, may help relieve discomfort.

  • Cool temperatures can be soothing — consider an ice pack or a cool washcloth.

  • An ASAP Recovery IV may help ease nausea, support fluid intake if you're behind on hydration, and support how quickly you feel back to normal.

How to Help Prevent and Manage Headaches and Migraines

  • Regular exercise supports overall wellness and may help with pain management.

  • Prioritize good sleep — seven to eight hours a night is a common target, and a consistent bedtime and wake time can help.

  • Some research suggests magnesium-rich foods may help reduce migraine frequency for some people. Magnesium supplements are an option, and nuts, dark leafy greens, and whole grains are good dietary sources.

  • Staying adequately hydrated is important. If that's a challenge, consider making regular IV therapy part of your routine.

  • Learn your personal triggers and make a plan for managing them — whether that means reducing exposure where you can, or having a plan in place for triggers you can't avoid, like a menstrual cycle or work-related sleep changes.

If migraines or headaches are severe, sudden, or accompanied by symptoms like vision loss, confusion, or difficulty speaking, seek emergency care or call 911. For ongoing or worsening headaches, talk with your doctor.

Curious whether an IV could be part of your headache toolkit? Schedule an appointment to talk it through.

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